Our findings will be summarized in this chapter. Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Skip to main content. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. Advertisement Hide. Authors Authors and affiliations S. Conference paper. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. The effects of phosphatidylcholine EPL on experimental atherosclerosis in white rats.
Atherosclerosis — CrossRef Google Scholar. After 2 months, the average total cholesterol was reduced by 42 percent, and LDL cholesterol was reduced by Supplementing with soy lecithin may increase immune function, particularly in people with diabetes. A Brazilian study on rats found that daily lecithin supplementation increased macrophage activity by 29 percent.
Macrophages are white blood cells that engulf debris, microbes, cancerous cells, and other foreign materials in the body. Also, the number of natural killer cells called lymphocytes, which are vital to the immune system, increased by 92 percent in non-diabetic rats. Further research is needed now on humans, to confirm these findings. Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease IBD that affects up to , people in the U.
Lecithin may help to reduce digestive distress in those with the condition. Research suggests that the emulsifying activity of lecithin improves mucus in the intestine, protecting the gastrointestinal lining.
This may be because lecithin contains phosphatidylcholine PC , which is also a component of mucus. People with ulcerative colitis have 70 percent less PC than people with other forms of IBD or those without the disease. Although research is lacking, anecdotal evidence suggests that people with digestive distress caused by issues other than ulcerative colitis may also benefit from lecithin use.
Choline, a component of phosphatidylcholine, plays a role in brain development and may improve memory. Infant rats who received choline supplements experienced lifelong memory enhancement due to changes in the memory center of their brains.
The brain changes were so noticeable that researchers could identify the animals that had taken supplemental choline, even when the rats were elderly. Some women who breastfeed may experience clogged milk ducts, where the breast milk does not flow correctly through the duct. This condition is painful and makes breast-feeding more difficult. It can also lead to the development of mastitis, an infection of the breast tissue that affects approximately 10 percent of American women who are breast-feeding.
To help prevent mastitis and difficulty nursing, the Canadian Breastfeeding Foundation recommend that people who experience recurrent blocked milk ducts take 1, mg of lecithin four times a day as a preventative measure. When taken in reasonable amounts, it is unlikely to cause adverse reactions. It is best to get lecithin through food. Supplements are not monitored by the FDA for safety or purity. People should research the supplements and the brand names before taking them.
The third oxygen on glycerol is bonded to phosphoric acid through a phosphate ester bond oxygen-phosphorus double bond oxygen. In addition, there is usually a complex amino alcohol also attached to the phosphate through a second phosphate ester bond. The complex amino alcohols include choline, ethanolamine, and the amino acid-serine. The long hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids are of course non-polar. The phosphate group has a negatively charged oxygen and a positively charged nitrogen to make this group ionic.
In addition there are other oxygen of the ester groups, which make on whole end of the molecule strongly ionic and polar. Phospholipids are major components in the lipid bilayers of cell membranes. There are two common phospholipids:. Lecithin is probably the most common phospholipid. It is found in egg yolks, wheat germ, and soybeans.
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