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Inflamm Res — Asian J Androl — J Appl Oral Sci e Download references. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. JLR Rama for his invaluable help with the figure of the manuscript. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Villa or Carmen Sieiro. Professor T. Ethics committee is not necessary for this type of papers. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions. Villa, T. Oral lichen planus: a microbiologist point of view. Int Microbiol 24, — Download citation. Received : 17 November Revised : 15 February Accepted : 16 February Published : 10 March Issue Date : August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Download PDF. Abstract Oral lichen planus OLP is a chronic disease of uncertain etiology, although it is generally considered as an immune-mediated disease that affects the mucous membranes and even the skin and nails.
On the disease According to the World Health Organization, the disease can be considered as a premalignant condition and is also associated with immunodeficiency diseases Peacock et al. Possible microbial origin of oral lichen planus.
Full size image. Viruses associated with oral lichen planus As early as , Brain reported the possibility that viruses could be the cause of certain tumors; this included the formation of skin pseudotumors associated with viral diseases as well as the origin of certain skin diseases such as LP Corsi Other possible origins of oral lichen planus Recently, Congcong et al.
Conclusion In this review, we have summarized the possible origin of the OLP disease. Data availability All data presented in this paper has been obtained from public sources, journals, and so on, where any scientist may check on the information included here. View Metrics.
March Timothy G. Berger, MD. Article Information. Types of Lichen Planus. Important Lichen Planus Facts. The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis. For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA Dermatology suggests that you consult your physician. This page may be photocopied noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients.
To purchase bulk reprints, call Back to top Article Information. Access your subscriptions. Access through your institution. Add or change institution. Wildeman, M. Akram, Z. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review. Bakhtiari, S. Comparing clinical effects of photodynamic therapy as a novel method with topical corticosteroid for treatment of Oral Lichen Planus. Jajarm, H. A comparative study of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy versus topical corticosteroids in the treatment of erosive-atrophic oral lichen planus: a randomized clinical controlled trial.
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 72—77 Download references. We thank Elke Hermann for excellent technical assistance. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Raluca Cosgarea. Reprints and Permissions. Cosgarea, R. Photodynamic therapy in oral lichen planus: A prospective case-controlled pilot study.
Sci Rep 10, In our study, the VAS score was positively and significantly correlated with the severity of OLP lesions; however, when the VAS score and the activity of lesions were rated, a significant correlation was not found. We can conclude that mainly the level of severity of the disease — and not the number of sites involved — influences the complaints of patients and their feelings of pain or burning sensations.
In a group of 42 participants of the study, Of all patients, Many studies suggest a relationship between somatic health, quality of life and perceived stress. The number of medical comorbidities in the study sample that consist of patients with OLP is often associated with helplessness that may have an impact on the use of catastrophizing as a pain coping strategy; this is conceptualized as a negative cognitive-affective response to anticipated or actual pain.
Then, these patients subjectively, negatively assess their own health, which may instigate the development of somatic symptom disorders.
As a chronic disease, OLP can persist in the oral cavity for a prolonged time. In the study sample, the longest duration of the disease was 18 years, while the mean duration was 3. Factors associated with the disease, such as duration of the disease and presence of extra-oral manifestations, significantly affected the mental state of the patients, which is in accordance with earlier studies by Eisen 5 5- Eisen D.
These authors emphasized the correlation between stress and anxiety and exacerbation of lichen planus oral lesions. In this study, there was a relationship between the duration of the disease and the level of perceived stress, as well as the quality of life especially the self-control domain. In severe cases, this may lead to acquired helplessness, causing patients to avoid medical treatment. The presence of other symptoms increases the likelihood of choosing specific cognitive pain coping strategies, such as ignoring sensations and increased behavioral activity.
However, these activities — such as visiting friends to stay busy and unfocused on pain — are not focused on the treatment of symptoms or search for help. Considering the psychopathological consequences, the results of our study emphasize the relationship between perceived stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well between perceived stress and the catastrophizing as a cognitive coping strategy in the study sample.
Moreover, catastrophizing was found to positively correlate with anxiety. Based on the results of this study, the psychological profile and the psychopathological consequences of OLP in patients may be determined. Patients with OLP are mostly middle-aged women. As the duration of the diseases increases, patients have an increased tendency to use catastrophizing as a pain coping strategy.
That, in turn, increases anxiety and depression and decreases the patient quality of life. Although the main objective of the study was to assess psychopathological and psychological correlates of clinical characteristics in OLP patients, the limitations of this study must be pointed out, as the observational study design and lack of control group.
However, based on the obtained evidence, we can conclude that effective treatment of clinical stage of OLP will reduce their experience of pain, subjective discomfort and anxiety. It will eliminate one of the major stressors to which patients are exposed and reduce their chance to develop depressive symptoms and significantly improve their quality of life.
Abrir menu Brasil. Journal of Applied Oral Science. Abrir menu. Oral Sci. Krakowska 26 — - Wroclaw - Poland. Fax: 71 03 80 e-mail: asia-owczarek wp. Abstract Objectives Oral lichen planus OLP is a chronic, multifocal, sometimes painful, inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. Results We detected that the longer the duration of subjective symptoms, the poorer the quality of life and the higher the level of perceived stress PSS. Conclusions In this study, we detected a relationship between duration of the disease, level of perceived stress and quality of life.
Keywords Oral lichen planus; Psychopathology; Mental status. Introduction Oral lichen planus OLP is a well-known and common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. Material and methods Study sample and procedure The study was conducted on 42 patients with clinically and histologically confirmed oral lichen planus OLP , who were treated in the Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Pathology, of Wroclaw Medical University from Statistical analyses The results were statistically analyzed.
Results Study group characteristics The patients in the study group were from 24 to 85 years old. Table 1 The psychological and psychopathological characteristics of the study group. Table 2 The correlation between the duration of the subjective symptoms, the presence of extra-oral manifestations, pain and psychological factors. Table 3 Correlation between perceived stress, anxiety and depression, the quality of life and coping strategies for pain.
Table 4 The correlation between anxiety and depression and other psychological factors. References 1 - Carrozzo M, Scally K. Publication Dates Publication in this collection This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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