Those with higher family incomes are especially strong in their support for a requirement that all children be required to be vaccinated against MMR in order to attend public schools. There is a similar, though less pronounced, pattern among those who have used alternative medicine in lieu of conventional medicine compared with other Americans.
Public perceptions of medical scientists and their research are broadly positive. People with high science knowledge, based on a nine-item index, tend to be positive and trusting of medical scientists and their work on childhood vaccines. By contrast, a minority of those low in science knowledge perceive medical scientists as understanding the risks and benefits of the MMR vaccine very well, trust information from medical scientists a lot, or think that the best available evidence influences medical research on childhood vaccines most of the time.
In addition, there are modest generational differences in views about medical scientists. Younger adults, ages 18 to 29, are less inclined than older adults to see medical scientists and their research in a positive light. Asked about a wide range of leaders and institutions, the military, medical scientists, and scientists, in general, received the most votes of confidence when it comes to acting in the best interests of the public.
On the flip side, majorities of the public have little confidence in the news media, business leaders and elected officials. About eight-in-ten or more report at least a fair amount of confidence in medical scientists to act in the public interest across a range of subgroups including gender, age, parents, race and ethnicity, education, political party and ideology and religion.
Say "Alexa, enable the Pew Research Center flash briefing". It organizes the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values. Even in a polarized era, the survey reveals deep divisions in both partisan coalitions.
Use this tool to compare the groups on some key topics and their demographics. Pew Research Center now uses as the last birth year for Millennials in our work. President Michael Dimock explains why. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions.
It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Newsletters Donate My Account. Research Topics. On 31 January , at the 28th African Union AU Summit, Heads of State from across Africa endorsed the Addis Declaration on Immunization ADI , a historic and timely pledge to ensure that everyone in Africa — regardless of who they are or where they live — receives the full benefits of immunization.
It includes 10 commitments to increase political, financial and technical investments in immunization programmes that can accelerate progress toward universal access to immunization in Africa.
Statements of support were issued by civil society organizations , religious leaders from across faiths , and parliamentarians to support countries in the implementation of the ADI. The roadmap provides Member States with three specific strategies that can be incorporated into existing efforts to improve immunization, namely: i generate and sustain political commitment and funding for immunization through advocacy and communications; ii address gaps in immunization and work with key partners to overcome barriers to access and utilization of immunization services; and iii monitor progress to drive impact and ensure accountability.
Read more about the Addis Declaration on Immunization. The campaign, which is held in synchronization with the annual World Immunization Week, brings together all countries across the region to raise awareness of the benefits of vaccination. Each year, a theme is chosen to reflect regional public health priorities. Since its launch in April , AVW has sought to keep immunization high on national and regional agendas and to ignite greater collective action on immunization across the continent, underscoring the role that everyone has to play in this effort.
Through leveraging advocacy and partnerships, the campaign aims to build momentum for increased access to life-saving vaccines. During AVW, WHO works closely with national governments and other stakeholders in the region to conduct large-scale vaccination campaigns, small-scale vaccination activities, information outreach and health promotion through immunization and other child survival interventions. Over the years, AVAREF has worked to strengthen regulatory and ethics reviews, promote harmonized standards and approaches, and accelerate the review of vaccines of high public health value among member countries.
It has also shed light on the growing complexity of biomedical research, which calls for increased cooperation between partners including donors, researchers, product developers, regulators and the medical ethics community. AVAREF uses harmonization and reliance as pillars for capacity building, ensuring that there is collaboration between key stakeholders including donors, health professionals and regional economic blocs across the continent by promoting joint reviews, work sharing and use of expertise.
As a result, important vaccines against meningitis, malaria, rotavirus, invasive pneumococcal diseases, pneumonia and Ebola have been developed, and important vaccines for other diseases are also under development. Joint reviews are intended to enhance the quality of the reviews of an application submitted to multiple countries by allowing regulators and ECs to exchange and validate their findings with peers.
It has also helped vaccines developers to expedite launching clinical studies and eventually introduce vaccines in African Region. Read more about the VPD Programme. Vaccine-preventable diseases VPDs refer to the range of diseases that can be prevented and controlled by vaccination. The burden of VPDs and associated outbreaks remain a major threat to people across Africa. VPD-related outbreaks tend to appear in areas where the immunization coverage rate is low, therefore enabling transmission.
Sustained control, elimination and eradication of key VPDs is vital to end preventable deaths and protect the health and wellbeing of populations across the African Region.
WHO works closely with countries and partners to improve immunization coverage and prevent and control VPDs, as part of broader efforts to strengthen primary health care and help countries move towards UHC. WHO supports all countries in the African Region by establishing norms and standards, developing evidence-based policies and guidance, monitoring VPD situations, contributing to health service delivery in emergency situations, and advocating with governments and partners. Disease surveillance involves the systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of information regarding the occurrence of diseases in defined populations for public health action.
Vaccine-preventable disease VPD surveillance refers to surveillance efforts primarily focusing on diseases that can be prevented or controlled by vaccination.
VPD surveillance is critical to protect populations from disease — it is the foundation of disease control strategies and the most effective way to detect and respond early to outbreaks, in order to mitigate their impact on national security, the local economy and public health systems.
VPD surveillance data is used to guide effective response to outbreaks, assess progress in attaining set immunization targets, determine barriers to access, and identify gaps. High quality surveillance is also important to inform decision-making by policy makers. Strengthening surveillance systems and laboratory networks is critical to accelerate efforts towards achieving universal immunization and protecting populations from disease.
All countries in the African region have committed to universal immunization coverage and high-quality surveillance, but challenges remain in achieving targets outlined in the Regional Strategic Plan for Immunization RSPI. Countries in the African Region still face major challenges in both the strategic planning and operation of their surveillance systems, including fragmentation, lack of public resources, difficulties in leveraging community-based surveillance, inadequate surveillance of some diseases, challenges with staff retention and training, and transportation issues.
However, as the region approaches the official certification of polio eradication, significant resources for surveillance through the GPEI will ramp down, and eventually end by Similarly, most countries in Africa will transition out of receiving support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, by This imminent decrease in funding has the potential to significantly reverse progress made, particularly through the loss of surveillance support.
By , the complexity and demand for VPD surveillance is also expected to widen. Further investment is therefore critical to sustain levels of funding to support VPD surveillance and laboratory activities. In the coming years, African countries, partners and donors will need to urgently revitalize their disease surveillance systems and invest considerably in this area, to fill these gaps to ensure that hard-won progress is not reversed.
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