The third can hold up to 8 electrons. When the outermost energy level shell is holding the maximum number of electrons the atom is stable or unreactive. It does not combine with other atoms. It does not form chemical bonds, or compounds. Octet Rule - To be stable an atom will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete the outer most energy level electron shell. The Ionic bond that forms is the result of the attraction of oppositely charged ions atoms.
The attraction acts much like the opposite poles of a magnet. Here are some simple rules for ion formation and naming. Though we have learned about the forming of bonds through the transfer of electrons, the majority of compounds that we come in contact with in our daily lives are formed in a completely different manner. The difference is that these atoms are covalently bonded.
A covalent bond is one where the electrons are shared. A group of covalently bonded atoms is called a molecule. These molecular substances include DNA, sugar and carbon dioxide.
The molecules can contain as few as 2 atoms and as many as a million. Rules for covalent bonds:. Gen Chem - 1st Sem. Matter and Atoms Objectives: 1. Identify the characteristics of matter.
Compare the particles that make up atoms of elements. Describe three types of chemical bonds. Notes: Matter can be described as anything having mass and volume. The periodic table organizes elements by their properties.
Elements are composed of atoms. If there is an issue, or query, or inconsistency in something I have said, ask away, and someone will help you. Also see here for more of the same. Is all matter composed of atoms? Chemistry Matter Basic Atomic Structure. May 6, As far as experiment has been able to determine, ALL matter is composed of atoms Explanation: And an atom is conceived to consist of a dense nuclear core of massive, positively charged particles, "protons" , together with numbers of massive, neutrally charged particles, "neutrons".
Related questions How big is an electron compared with a proton? How many electrons would it take to equal the mass of a helium nucleus? Bolts of lightning dash across the evening sky during a spring thunderstorm. And most tragic of all, you have a bad hair day. These are all static electricity events - events that can only be explained by an understanding of the physics of electrostatics.
Not only do electrostatic occurrences permeate the events of everyday life, without the forces associated with static electricity, life as we know it would be impossible. Electrostatic forces - both attractive and repulsive in nature - hold the world of atoms and molecules together in perfect balance. Without this electric force, material things would not exist. Atoms as the building blocks of matter depend upon these forces. And material objects, including us Earthlings, are made of atoms and the acts of standing and walking, touching and feeling, smelling and tasting, and even thinking is the result of electrical phenomenon.
Electrostatic forces are foundational to our existence. One of the primary questions to be asked in this unit of The Physics Classroom is: How can an object be charged and what affect does that charge have upon other objects in its vicinity? The answer to this question begins with an understanding of the structure of matter. Understanding charge as a fundamental quantity demands that we have an understanding of the structure of an atom.
So we begin this unit with what might seem to many students to be a short review of a unit from a Chemistry course. The search for the atom began as a philosophical question. It was the natural philosophers of ancient Greece that began the search for the atom by asking such questions as: What is stuff composed of?
What is the structure of material objects? Is there a basic unit from which all objects are made? As early as B. Atomos in Greek means indivisible. To these early Greeks, matter could not be continuously broken down and divided indefinitely. Rather, there was a basic unit or building block that was indivisible and foundational to its structure. This indivisible building block of which all matter was composed became known as the atom.
The early Greeks were simply philosophers. They did not perform experiments to test their theories. In fact, science as an experimental discipline did not emerge as a credible and popular practice until sometime during the s. So the search for the atom remained a philosophical inquiry for a couple of millennia. From the s to the present century, the search for the atom became an experimental pursuit.
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