The exact cause of Tourette syndrome remains a mystery, but research is focusing on a number of possibilities, including:. A child with Tourette syndrome may demonstrate other difficulties, such as sleeping problems, poor academic performance at school, low self-esteem and the inability to control their temper.
Most children with Tourette syndrome will have normal intellectual development, but some may have learning difficulties. The social stigma is particularly hard to bear, since people often don't believe that the tics and repetitive vocalisations, particularly swearing, are involuntary. Since tics and vocalisations are often vented in the privacy and safety of the home, the doctor may have some initial difficulty witnessing the symptoms in a professional setting like their office or clinic.
Other tests, such as CT scans, are used to make sure the symptoms aren't caused by some other underlying disease. Treatment for Tourette syndrome depends on the severity of the condition. Most people with Tourette syndrome can manage their symptoms themselves, and tend to find a quiet isolated spot to 'vent' the irresistible tics and vocalisations they've been holding back throughout the day.
Others require a variety of medications to help control the symptoms. Generally, the medications are introduced in small doses and slowly increased until the symptoms are managed. Different people need different ratios of medications. Side effects of the medications can include depression, weight gain and persistent tiredness. As stress seems to make Tourette syndrome worse, learning relaxation techniques is useful.
Associated psychotherapy can include learning how to substitute an unacceptable tic, such as swearing, with a more tolerable one. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:.
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Some studies have shown that the following factors might be associated with TS, but additional research is needed to better understand these associations: 2, 3. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Tourette Syndrome TS. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Risk Factors and Causes for Tourette Syndrome. Minus Related Pages.
People with Tourette's syndrome may also have obsessive compulsive disorder OCD , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD or learning difficulties. Tics are the main symptom of Tourette's syndrome.
They usually appear in childhood between the ages of 2 and 14 around 6 years is the average. Tics are not usually harmful to a person's overall health, but physical tics, such as jerking of the head, can be painful.
Children with Tourette's syndrome may also be at risk of bullying because their tics might single them out. Most people with Tourette's syndrome experience a strong urge before a tic, which has been compared to the feeling you get before needing to itch or sneeze.
These feelings are known as premonitory sensations. Premonitory sensations are only relieved after the tic has been carried out. Some people can control their tics for a short while in certain social situations, like in a classroom.
It requires concentration, but gets easier with practise. Controlling tics can be tiring. A person may have a sudden release of tics after a day trying to control them, like after returning home from school.
Tics may be less noticeable during activities involving a high level of concentration, such as reading an interesting book or playing sports. Many children have tics for several months before growing out of them, so a tic does not necessarily mean your child has Tourette's syndrome. There's no single test for Tourette's syndrome.
Tests and scans, such as an MRI scan , may be used to rule out other conditions.
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